Bread Recipe Scaling Calculator (Baker's Percentage)

Bread Recipe Scaling Calculator

Scaled Recipe
Overview

Scale Any Bread Recipe with Precision

Need to make more—or less—of a bread recipe you already trust? This Bread Recipe Scaling Calculator lets you resize any formula while preserving the original baker's percentages. Whether you're baking a single loaf or a commercial batch, every ingredient stays in the correct proportion.

Enter your original ingredient weights and the desired flour weight. The calculator automatically determines the scaling factor and recalculates water, salt, yeast, sugar, oil, sourdough starter, and other ingredients. Hydration, ingredient ratios, and the overall dough formula remain unchanged.

This ensures your scaled recipe matches the original formula, making it easy to increase or reduce batch size without manually calculating every ingredient.

What this calculator does: Enter your original recipe and a target flour weight. The calculator scales every ingredient proportionally, preserving baker's percentages, hydration, and ingredient ratios for accurate, consistent results.
The Baking Standard

What Does Baker's Percentage Really Mean?

Think of baker's percentages as a way to describe a bread formula. They show the ratio of each ingredient to the flour, not the composition of the finished dough. Flour is always 100%, and every other ingredient is expressed as a percentage of the flour weight.

Ingredient % = (Ingredient Weight ÷ Flour Weight) × 100

For example, a formula with 70% hydration and 2% salt means adding 70 g of water and 2 g of salt for every 100 g of flour. Increase the flour to 1,000 g, and the recipe becomes 700 g water and 20 g salt. The ratios stay the same—only the ingredient weights change.

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Think of it as a blueprint. Just as a blueprint can be scaled without changing its proportions, baker's percentages let you scale any bread recipe while keeping the formula exactly the same.
Rule 01
Flour = 100%. Always.

Flour is the anchor. No matter the batch size, flour is your baseline at 100%. Every other ingredient is a ratio of flour weight — not of total dough weight.

Rule 02
Totals Exceed 100%

A lean dough at 70% hydration and 2% salt has a formula total of 172%. That is correct. The total of all baker's percentages is always greater than 100%.

Rule 03
Scale Without Rewriting

A formula in baker's percentages scales perfectly to any size. Baking 10× more dough? Multiply flour by 10. Everything else follows. No recalculation, no ratio drift.

The Anchor

Flour Is Always 100% — and Why That Matters

In baker's percentages, flour is always 100% because it is the foundation of every bread formula. Water hydrates the flour, salt strengthens the dough, yeast produces the gas for fermentation, and fats or sugars modify texture and flavor. Expressing every ingredient as a percentage of the flour keeps the formula consistent and easy to understand.

Using flour as the reference also makes scaling recipes straightforward. A formula with 500 g flour and 350 g water has a hydration of 70%. Reduce the flour to 250 g, and the water automatically becomes 175 g. The ingredient ratios stay the same, regardless of batch size.

How All Ingredients Relate to Flour Weight
Flour 100% Water 60–80% Salt 1.8–2.2% Yeast 0.3–1% Sugar 0–10% All percentages are relative to flour weight — never to each other.
Weight, not volume. Flour as a percentage anchor only works because all measurements are by weight. A "cup" of flour varies by 25–35% depending on how it was scooped. A gram is always a gram. Baker's percentage and weight measurement are inseparable.
The Maths

Calculating Ingredient Weights from Percentages

Once you have a flour weight and a set of baker's percentages, calculating every ingredient weight is a single multiplication for each ingredient. There is no iteration, no trial and error, no adjusting.

Ingredient Weight = Flour Weight × (Baker's % ÷ 100)

A concrete example — 1,000 g flour, standard lean dough

Given: 1,000 g flour, 70% hydration, 2% salt, 0.5% instant yeast.

IngredientBaker's %CalculationWeight (g)
Flour100%1,000 × 1.001,000.0 g
Water70%1,000 × 0.70700.0 g
Salt2%1,000 × 0.0220.0 g
Instant Yeast0.5%1,000 × 0.0055.0 g
Total Dough172.5%1,725.0 g

The total baker's percentage — 172.5% — tells you immediately how much heavier the final dough is than the flour alone. If you expect a lean dough and your total is 250%, something is off. If you see 172%, you have a standard hydration bread formula.

Reading a Recipe

Determining Baker's Percentages from a Recipe

If you already have a recipe with ingredient weights, you can convert each ingredient to a baker's percentage using the formula below. This makes it easy to compare bread recipes, analyze ingredient ratios, and scale or adapt a formula while preserving its original proportions.

Baker's % = (Ingredient Weight ÷ Flour Weight) × 100

Example: reading a recipe backwards

A sourdough recipe uses 600 g flour, 450 g water, 12 g salt, and 120 g starter. What are the baker's percentages?

Flour
100%
600 ÷ 600 × 100
Water
75%
450 ÷ 600 × 100
Salt
2%
12 ÷ 600 × 100
Starter
20%
120 ÷ 600 × 100

From the example above, the formula—100% flour, 75% hydration, 2% salt, and 20% starter—can be scaled to any batch size. Whether you use 400 g or 4,000 g of flour, the baker's percentages remain the same. Our calculator automatically scales every ingredient while preserving the original formula and hydration.

Common mistake: Baker's percentages are calculated using the flour weight, not the total dough weight. Dividing by the total dough weight gives each ingredient's share of the dough, not its baker's percentage. Always use the flour weight as the reference.
Two-Way Street

Reverse Baker's Percentage — From Weights to Percentages

Baker's percentage runs in both directions. Forward: you know the flour weight, you calculate ingredient weights. Reverse: you know what each ingredient weighs, you recover the percentages. Both are useful, and both use the same single formula — just rearranged.

Forward (flour weight to ingridients weight)
Weight = Flour × (% ÷ 100)

You know the flour weight and percentages. You calculate how many grams of each ingredient to weigh out.

Reverse (Ingridient weight to baker's %)
% = (Weight ÷ Flour) × 100

Note: If you already have a recipe with ingredient weights, convert it to baker's percentages first. You can then scale the recipe to any batch size while preserving the original formula.

Can You Switch Between Weights and Baker's Percentages?

Yes. You can convert ingredient weights to baker's percentages, then use those percentages to calculate a new batch size. This preserves the original hydration and ingredient ratios, allowing you to scale any bread recipe accurately without changing the formula.

Formulas by Style

Baker's Percentages for Different Bread Types

Each bread style has its own typical range of baker's percentages. These ingredient ratios determine the dough's characteristics and make it easy to identify a bread style, compare formulas, and troubleshoot recipes that do not produce the expected results.

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Baguette / Lean White
Hydration62–68%
Salt2%
Instant yeast0.2–0.5%
Fat / Sugar0%
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Sandwich Loaf
Hydration65–72%
Salt1.8–2%
Instant yeast0.8–1.5%
Sugar / Oil2–5%
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Sourdough Country
Hydration72–80%
Salt2–2.2%
Starter15–25%
Yeast0%
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Pizza (Neapolitan)
Hydration58–65%
Salt2.5–3%
Instant yeast0.05–0.2%
Oil0–3%
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Bagels
Hydration52–58%
Salt1.8–2%
Instant yeast1–1.5%
Sugar / Malt2–4%
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Focaccia / Ciabatta
Hydration80–90%
Salt2%
Instant yeast0.4–0.8%
Olive oil4–8%
Hydration Range by Bread Type
50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Bagels 52–58% Pizza 58–65% Baguette 62–68% Sandwich 65–72% Sourdough 72–80% Focaccia 80–90%
Sourdough Formulas

Baker's Percentage for Sourdough Starter

Sourdough starter contains both flour and water, so both must be included when calculating baker's percentages. Ignoring either one changes the dough's true hydration and ingredient ratios.

What Percentage of Starter Is Typical?

Most sourdough bread recipes use 10%–25% starter (based on flour weight). Lower percentages generally produce slower fermentation, while higher percentages speed it up. Starter levels above 30% are less common in traditional sourdough bread formulas.

10–15%
Slow / Cold
Overnight fridge proof. More sour flavour.
15–25%
Standard
4–6 hr bulk ferment at room temp.
25–35%
Active / Fast
Faster proof. Milder, more open crumb.

How Starter Hydration Affects Your Formula

Sourdough starter contributes both flour and water to the dough. The amount of each depends on the starter's hydration. A 100% hydration starter contains equal parts flour and water, so 200 g of starter provides 100 g flour and 100 g water. Stiffer starters contribute more flour, while wetter starters contribute more water.

Flour in Starter = Starter Weight ÷ (1 + Starter Hydration as decimal)
Water in Starter = Starter Weight − Flour in Starter
Professional convention: Count the flour in the starter as part of the recipe's total flour (100%), and count its water as part of the total hydration. This keeps baker's percentages accurate and the formula consistent.
Quick Reference

Common Bread Formulas — Reference Table

The table below shows typical baker's percentages and the corresponding ingredient weights for 1,000 g of flour. To calculate ingredient weights for any other flour amount, use our Baker's Percentage Calculator.

Bread Style Hydration Salt Yeast / Starter Water (g) Salt (g) Leaven (g) Total Dough (g)
Classic White Sandwich68%2%0.8% instant yeast6802081,708
Baguette65%2%0.3% instant yeast6502031,673
Pizza Dough (Neapolitan)62%2.8%0.1% instant yeast6202811,649
Sourdough Country Loaf75%2%20% starter (100% hyd.)750202001,970
Focaccia80%2%0.5% instant yeast8002051,825
Ciabatta85%2%0.4% instant yeast8502041,874
Bagels55%1.8%1% instant yeast55018101,578
Whole Wheat Loaf72%2%1% instant yeast72020101,750

* Flour = 1,000 g in all cases. Sourdough totals include starter weight. All figures rounded.

Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

What are baker's percentages?

Baker's percentages express each ingredient as a percentage of the total flour weight, with flour always equal to 100%. For example, 70% hydration means 70 g of water for every 100 g of flour, regardless of batch size. Unlike nutritional percentages, baker's percentages do not add up to 100%.

How do I calculate baker's percentages from a recipe?

To calculate baker's percentages, divide each ingredient's weight by the flour weight, then multiply by 100. For example, if a recipe contains 500 g flour and 350 g water, the hydration is (350 ÷ 500) × 100 = 70%. Repeat the calculation for each ingredient to convert the recipe into baker's percentages and scale it accurately.

What percentage of sourdough starter should I use?

Most sourdough bread recipes use between 10% and 25% starter as a percentage of flour. Lower percentages (10–15%) ferment more slowly and develop deeper sour flavour. Higher percentages (20–30%) speed the process up and produce a milder, more open crumb.

How do you calculate baker's percentage for sourdough starter?

To calculate the baker's percentage of sourdough starter, divide the starter weight by the total flour weight, then multiply by 100: Starter % = (Starter Weight ÷ Flour Weight) × 100. Remember that the flour and water in the starter also count toward the recipe's total flour and hydration.

Why is flour always 100% in baker's percentages?

Flour is always 100% because it is the foundation of every bread formula. Expressing all other ingredients as a percentage of the flour keeps ingredient ratios consistent, making recipes easy to compare, scale, and adjust. Using the total dough weight would cause the percentages to change whenever an ingredient is added or removed.

Can I use baker's percentages with cup measurements?

Baker's percentages are most accurate when ingredients are measured by weight, not volume. Cup measurements can vary depending on how the flour is scooped, packed, or sifted, making them unreliable for precise formulas. For consistent results, weigh ingredients in grams or another weight unit.

What salt percentage should I use for bread?

Most bread recipes use 1.8%–2.2% salt (based on flour weight), with 2% being the most common. Lower percentages can produce bland bread, while higher percentages may slow yeast fermentation.

How do I scale a bread recipe using baker's percentages?

To scale a bread recipe, first convert each ingredient to a baker's percentage. Next, choose your new flour weight and calculate each ingredient using: Ingredient Weight = Flour Weight × (Baker's % ÷ 100). The ingredient ratios stay the same, regardless of batch size.

Wrapping Up

Final Thoughts

Baker's percentages provide a simple, consistent way to write, compare, and scale bread recipes. By expressing every ingredient relative to the flour, you can adjust batch size without changing hydration or ingredient ratios.

Thinking in percentages instead of fixed weights also makes it easier to compare formulas, refine recipes, and reproduce consistent results. Whether you're baking at home or in a commercial bakery, the same formula works at any scale.

Use our Baker's Percentage Calculator to convert ingredient weights into baker's percentages, calculate ingredient weights from percentages, and scale any bread recipe accurately.

Related tools: If you want to work backwards from a target dough weight — say, you need exactly 2,400 g of dough to fill three tins — see our Bread Dough Weight Calculator. To convert between fresh yeast, active dry yeast, and instant yeast amounts, see the Yeast Converter. And for timing your bulk fermentation based on dough temperature and starter percentage, see the Dough Rise Time Calculator.